Physico-Chemical Analysis of Sugar Industry Effluents

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Sugar Industry EffluentsPhysico-Chemical Analysis of Sugar Industry Effluents of Gayathri Sugar Factory Nizamabad district, Telangana stateBondugula Vanitha, Dr. Nirmala Babu Rao,ABSTRACTPresent pee is based on the physico chemic analysis of waste piddles released from gayathri Sugar Factory. Sugar mills place a major rolling polluting the water system bodies by discharging a erect amount of waste water as outgoing. The sugar mill effluent are having senior high amount of Suspended solids, dissolve solids, cast, COD, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, Calcium and Magnesium. The Continuous hold of the Effluents harmfully affects the crops when used for Irrigation. It was found that the sugar industries consume large amount of water and released almost equal amount effluent containing highly toxic secular in solid and dissolve form. Sugar Factory effluents was more worst like Average values of lower PH (6.2), high temperature (42-c), chloride (862mg/ lit), total severeness (571mg/lit), calcium (362 mg/Lit), Magnesium (211 mg/Lit), total solids (2452 mg /Lit), Total Dissolved solids (1915 mg/Lit), Total Suspended Solids (542 mg/Lit), Nitrate (0.8 Mg/Lit), orthophosphate (9.8mg/Lit), Sulphate (49.3 mg/Lit) and Oil Grees (87.8 mg/Lit). And finally this water is Unsafe for house servant and agriculture purposes. Therefore it should be recycled and utilized for Industrial purpose only. spot words Gayathri Sugar Factory, Sugar Factory Effluents, Physico Chemical AnalysisINTRODUCTIONSugar mills play a major role in polluting the water, flat coat and air. Commonly the pollutants are through effluents and hazardous chemicals in the form of air (1). Sugar industry plays an important role in the economic development, but the effluents released pull up stakes produce a high organic pollution in both aquatic and terrestrial and air ecosystems (2). Metals and non-metallic elements can be useful for the agricultural rootage germination and growth, but in high concentration they show a very adverse effect (3). Effluents also affect characteristics like flora and animal of receiving aquatic bodies, effluent discharged in the environment poses a serious health hazard to the rural and semi-urban populations that use stream and river water for agriculture and domestic purposes. Damage to paddy crops due to sugar industry waste-waters entering agricultural land have been reported (4). It had been reported that the lower concentration of sugar milling machinery effluent increases the seedling growth (56). As sugar grinder effluent non treated properly, it will have an unpleasant odor when it is released into environment (7). Farmers using effluents water for irrigation to reduce water demand have found that plant growth and crop yield were reduced and soil contaminated(8). This is also causing deaths of domicile animals of such(prenominal) polluted water have been reported increasingly (9).MATERIALS METHODSThe effl uents from Gayathri sugar factory was collected during the beginning of rainy season (2013 July -2014 June) in the glass bottles from the discharge beam and properly sealed. It was preserved by adding chemicals to analyze in the laboratory, for the assessment of various physico-chemical characteristics a warningized protocol of APHA (10) was used.RESULTS DISSCUSSIONColorAs per the present study, the color of untreated effluent was dark brownish. The photosynthesis activity is found to be reduced due to dark coloration also affecting other parameters like temperature DO and BOD etc.TemperatureTemperature plays an important role in certain chemical and biological reactions taking place in water which affects organisms metabolic activity. It depends upon season, snip sampling etc. The effluent which had been released from the industry has generally high temperature and it affects land. The temperature of untreated effluent was recorded 43C. The temperature of the discharge should n ot exceed 35C. The high tem i.e. 43C of the untreated effluent has adversely affected the process.pHIn the present study, pH values of treated and untreated are 5.8 and 6.2 respectively. fit in BIS standards pH of the effluents should be in the range of 6.5 to 8.0. These low pH values of both treated and untreated samples are due to usage of phosphoric venomous and Sulfur dioxide during the process of cleaning of sugar cane juice. If such water is used for irrigation for a longer period the soil becomes acidic resulting in measly crops growth and yield.Dissolved OxygenThe analysis of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is one of the very important factors in water pollution and waste water control. aquatic ecosystem totally depends on DO only. It effects the metabolic activities of microorganism were very well documented. According to the BIS standards, the DO of effluent should be within the range 4 to 6 mg/lit. In the present study, DO of the untreated effluent sample was recorded 1.16 and 2 .23g/lit respectively which is sufficiently low than the BIS Indian standard values.BODBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is defined as amount of oxygen required by microorganism while stabilizing biological analyzable organic look in water under aerobic conditions. The BO is a very slow process in oxidation organic pollutants are change by microorganisms into carbon dioxide, water using dissolved Oxygen. In the present study, the BOD of the untreated effluent was 86mg/lit. According to BIS Indian standard the BOD should not exceed the 50 mg/l.CODThe chemical Oxygen demand test describes the amount of oxygen required for chemical oxidation of organic matter with the help of strong chemical oxidant. The COD is a test which is used to measure the amount or quantity of pollution which has been released by domestic and industrial waste. COD is useful to determine the exact toxic condition and presence of biological matters. In the present study, the COD of the untreated effluents was 460 mg/l. In untreated effluent it is appreciably high compared to BIS standard (250 mg/L). This indicates a high amount of organic pollutants in the sample.TDSThe total dissolved solids concentration in the effluent represent the colloidal form and dissolved specters. The rate of collision aggregated process is also influenced by pH of this effluent. In the rainy season less(prenominal) concentration of total dissolved solids are obtained due to dilution of waste effluent with rain water. In the present study, the total solids in untreated effluent were 1958 mg/lit. The samples in TDS values are much higher compared to BIS Indian Standards (500 mg/L).TSSSuspended solids are the cause of suspended particle inside the water body influencing turbidity. According the present study, the suspended solids of untreated effluent were542mg/lChloridesThe presence of chloride in natural water is attributed to dissolution of salt deposit, discharge of effluents from chemical industries oil well op erations. In the present study chlorides of untreated was 862 mg/l.SulphateSulphate can also be produced an oxidizing action as in the oxidation action. Sulphur itself has never been limiting factor in aquatic system. In the present study, sulphate in untreated effluent was 493 mg/l according BIS Indian standard, the sulphate should not exceed 100 mg/l.Oil and greaseIn the present study, oil and grease present in un-treated effluent showed 87.8mg/l oil and grease values are higher than BIS standards.Table 1Seasonal variation in the Physico- Chemical parameters of the un-treated sugar factory effluents (during period of 2013 July -2014 June)Table 2The Physico-chemical parameters of untreated sugar mill effluentCONCLUSIONThe Gayathri sugar industry situated at Nizamabad district, Telangana State is one of the trustworthy factories. It has own distillery unit in its own premises for waste which is generated from the sugar factory. The sugar industry needs modification in effluent trea tment. then the sugar industry effluent which is untreated exhibits high COD, BOD, and TDS content. And low content of DO which is toxic to plants and animals, so it is not permissible for irrigation. The sugar industry effluent is highly polluted and they do not satisfy the BIS Indian standard values